Free Web NovelChapter 1241: Chapter 598: Creating Superconducting Materials Above 200K!_1
Even a minute before, Zhao Yi had shown no interest in creating any high-temperature superconducting materials; his mind was not on that at all.
The world of physics had an abundance of theories related to superconductivity, and while the issue of superconductivity was not completely resolved, most of what could be discovered on the surface had already been found, leaving not much room for theoretical exploration.
Zhao Yi was precisely focused on theoretical research, whereas the study of high-temperature superconducting materials belonged to the realm of technology.
The difference between the two was significant.
The main purpose of the Theory Group’s experiments was also to analyze space and study theory. The discovery of new compressed materials during the experiment was just incidental, with the most important aspect being to refine the spatial theory related to the Z-wave according to the experimental results.
That was the ultimate goal of the experiment.
When he heard many people talking about high-temperature superconducting materials, Zhao Yi thought it over carefully and realized it was indeed a very good idea.
Although he did not focus on technology research, obtaining high-temperature superconducting materials during the experimental process could be considered an unexpected gain.
Just as others had analyzed, the likelihood of obtaining high-temperature superconducting materials was high, because the conductivity of ordinary metals would be enhanced after compression, undoubtedly related to the increase in electron activity within the compressed metals.
In fact, the principle of superconductivity is different from that of ordinary metal conductivity.
The principle of superconductivity lies in the fact that when the temperature drops to a critical value, the rate of electrons outside the atomic nucleus decreases, and the valence electron rotation speed becomes lower and lower. Atoms accustomed to the fast rotation of electrons outside their nucleus at high temperatures slow down the rotation of exchange and electrons, resulting in a temporary loss of valence electrons.
The temporary loss of valence electrons creates a significant electron vacancy; the voltage wave flows smoothly, and valence electrons move conveniently under the influence of the voltage wave, forming a shared electron flow outside the nucleus.
That is the superconducting current.
The principle treats the incoming electron flow as part of the electrons it needs, employing the core’s Coulomb force to facilitate its transport, allowing it to flow past oneself. As a result, not only does the superconducting current face no resistance, but it also gains a portion of transportation power from the core.
Under the relay transport of atomic Coulomb forces, electrons move unimpeded, resulting in the superconducting phenomenon of zero resistance.
From the process of superconductivity formation, it appears that the principles of superconductivity and ordinary metal conductivity are almost the opposite of each other.
Superconductivity reduces the speed of electrons at low temperatures, leading to the superconducting phenomenon, while ordinary metal conductivity relies on the activity of electrons.
The issue of electron activity, when reflected in compressed metals, exhibits a difference, because the enhanced electron activity of compressed metals is due to the compression of constituent particles. It can be understood that the internal ’gaps’ between atomic particles decrease, and as the distance reduces, the interactive force strengthens, leading to an increase in electron activity.
However, superconducting materials are not ordinary metals, and many superconducting materials do not conduct electricity in their normal state. Materials that do not conduct electricity have a very strong binding capacity for electrons by atoms; concurrently, the electron activity of compressed materials is also enhanced...
Therefore, when the temperature drops to a certain level, it becomes easier for atoms to create an electron deficit internally, prompting the atomic core to move its valence electrons, with adjacent cores doing the same. All cores move their electrons toward the direction of their near neighbors, resulting in a shared state of outer electrons.
The shared state of outer electrons is the superconducting state of the material.
While this principle may sound complicated, it can be simply understood that the conductive states of different materials vary, and indeed, compressed superconducting materials can raise the temperature at which they reach the superconducting critical value—how much it’s raised is still subject to experimental results, however.
——
Before the start of the experiment, Zhao Yi went to check the superconducting materials in the experimental coverage area once again.
This was the main purpose of the experiment.
The purpose was not to create high-temperature superconducting materials per se, but to determine whether the superconducting antigravity effect would weaken after the materials were compressed.
This conclusion would be of great significance in deciphering ’the destination of energy absorbed by particles after spatial compression.’
If it is found that the effect of superconducting antigravity is weakened, it will prove one point—space absorbs the effect of compressed particles less effectively.
On the contrary, it would mean that the particles have developed a certain resistance to the absorption capability of space.
This is akin to particles resisting space absorption, thereby forming a magnetic field, but the magnetic field is just an external manifestation. The internal energy absorbed by compressed particles increases their ability to combat the absorption by space, suggesting that particles undergo a ’qualitative change’ after being compressed.
It’s difficult to define what a ’qualitative change’ is, perhaps—
"Like practicing martial arts? Gradually accumulating inner power to improve strength, until one reaches a certain level and becomes an immortal?"
"Cultivation, defying the natural order?"
Zhao Yi couldn’t help but laugh at the thought.
Finally, the experiment began.
This experiment was largely the same as the last one, but with a stronger focus on its goals.
The large Z-wave device emitted Z-waves that were a bit weaker than last time, aimed at detecting whether the materials would still compress under the weakened spatial compression, that is, to assess whether these materials had developed resistance to spatial compression. fгeewёbnoѵel.cσm
At the same time, a large amount of experimental data would be collected. Comparing this data with that from the previous experiment, as well as the energy of the two Z-waves, and the compression ratio formed in space, would facilitate a more precise calculation of the relationships between Z-wave strength, spatial compression ratio, magnetic field intensity, and the material compression ratio.
Wait and see.
The difference from the last experiment was that this time there were no senior teams present to observe.
This also reduced the pressure on the experimental group.
The experimental process went smoothly, from the release of Z-waves at the start of the experiment to a series of changes, and then to waiting for the weakening of the magnetic field.
With the experience from last time, this experiment was much smoother; at least the participants were not shocked or agitated, observing the processes and data calmly.
The next morning, Zhao Yi entered the experimental coverage area, where the staff promptly took out several types of superconducting materials and quickly sent them to the laboratory for testing.
Zhao Yi also took several people from the Theory Group with him to the laboratory.
The superconducting material testing required an exceptionally good experimental environment, so they traveled 500 kilometers to the provincial capital city, arriving at the designated materials laboratory.
This laboratory, known for its superconductivity research, had a certain reputation internationally and was also involved in cooperative projects with the Science Academy and external businesses.
The theoretical group’s experimental work also affected the normal operation of the laboratory. During the few days the lab was used, unrelated personnel were given direct leave. They did not know why they had a holiday until the news came that a significant experimental project required the lab.
There definitely were confidentiality issues involved.
Upon entering the laboratory, everything was already prepared. The first step was to test the superconducting materials—simple tests such as weight, state, compression ratio—didn’t need much explanation, and they quickly moved on to the critical tests for superconducting performance.
In the artificially created ultra-low temperature environment, the theoretical team’s experimenters conducted tests on several superconducting materials in succession and then obtained a series of surprising results.
"145K! Liquid nitrogen!"
"It’s hard to believe, liquid nitrogen could actually reach 145K!"
"Copper-based materials are higher!" frёeweɓηovel.coɱ
"No, they’re the highest, above 200K, but we need to test several times. The data is not accurate."
The laboratory was a hive of activity.
Because the experimental results were so shocking, every experimenter was extremely enthusiastic.
In the end, they conducted multiple tests on five superconducting materials and obtained accurate data for the superconducting temperatures—
129K, 135K, 171K, 190K, and 205K.
The highest superconducting temperature was of the copper-based materials.
This was not unexpected.
International research also indicated that copper-based materials are more likely to achieve high-temperature superconductivity.
Among the five superconducting materials tested, the copper-based ones had the highest superconducting temperatures. However, achieving a superconducting critical temperature above 200K still astonished everyone.
The highest temperature superconducting material previously published internationally was only around 110K. They had accomplished a breakthrough by creating materials with superconductivity over 200K.
200K, what does that mean?
Simply put, it’s just tens of degrees below zero.
This temperature could easily allow for the widespread use of superconducting materials, as negative several tens of degrees can be easily achieved in the extreme conditions of the Arctic and Antarctic or the requisite temperatures for industrial use.
For instance, ordinary freezers can maintain temperatures below negative thirty degrees.
Zhao Yi, however, was rather indifferent to the results. Once the excitement of the experimenters had passed, he calmly said, "This is just the beginning. Our research on the Z-wave is also just starting."
"The current Z-wave Generator reaches not very high power. Moreover, the covered area contains too many materials. I believe that if the power is increased or some materials are reduced, it would be easy to create superconducting materials that reach higher temperatures for the critical value."
Everyone nodded excitedly.
However, the regrettable part was that increasing the intensity of the Z-wave was not easy.
Zhao Yi had no good solution for this, mainly because of Earth’s magnetic field, which absorbs a great deal of energy—so long as one is on Earth, there will be a magnetic field.
"Maybe we should go to space for experiments in the future? Or to the moon or something..."
He pondered.
The same experiment placed in a zero-magnetic-field area would certainly see greatly enhanced effects—of course, considering this was currently impractical.
Zhao Yi was more focused on another test, the superconducting antigravity performance test.
Since it was a superconductivity research laboratory, there was already a superconducting antigravity device in place, so there was no need to assemble one from scratch, sparing them a lot of trouble.
Soon.
The experimenters filled the device with compressed superconducting materials and started the first test.
Regarding the superconducting antigravity test, the experimenters were a bit puzzled because they did not understand why they were conducting a test on superconducting antigravity.
Superconducting materials and antigravity—what’s the point?
Could it be replacing photon antigravity?
Impossible!
Many people did not understand the reason, but they knew for sure it wasn’t to replace photon antigravity because photon antigravity was already considered very perfect, and superconducting antigravity, not to mention effectiveness, had a cost issue.
Among all the experimenters, only Zhang Qican had some understanding, but it wasn’t very clear.
Taking advantage of the time while the experiment was still in preparation, Zhao Yi simply explained the importance of the superconducting antigravity test to a few members of the theoretical group.
"This experiment is related to the mysteries of particles. I mentioned it last time; during the Z-wave experiments, most of the energy was absorbed by the particles, but their mass did not increase. In fact, it even decreased for a portion of them, you understand, right?"
"I believe energy is always conserved, and in this experiment, the mass-energy equation has evidently become invalid."
